Friday 16 December 2016

SEO Interview Questions and Answers 2017

1- Tell me something about yourself?
Seo Job Interview Questions and How to answer them
Seo Job Interview

You should brief your interviewer about your family, your educational background and your work experience.



2- What was the recent update which Google had and what changes would you suggest for it?

Google recently had the Hummingbird update which was a change in the core search algorithm. Google moved from keyword based searching to concept based searching. It included semantic level analysis in order to find out real answers and searcher's intent behind the user query. I would add comprehensive and fresh content to my site after the Hummingbird update.

Prior to the Hummingbird update, Google had the Penguin update which was a measure to control web spam. Penguin update had penalized websites which had a spammy backlinking profile and returned more semantic results. Semantic results were based on the relationship between words present on the search query. Penguin trusted sites that had original and good content, fresh content, good social media presence and quality organic links.

3- What all verticals have you handled in your SEO career so far?

Verticals means on what themes of websites have you worked so far- this may include education, real estate, IT, travel, Shopping, jobs etc.

4- What do you know about Google Panda update?

The Panda update was done to improve the quality of search results in Google. Panda update also known as the farmer update was done to eliminate content farms which provided less user friendly experience. It used machine language scalability as one of the important metrics for judging relevancy of a web page. All the focus was transformed on the user and now quality content , proper design, proper speed, proper use of images and videos, content to ad ratio all mattered more after the Panda update. You need to optimize your site for better clickthrough rate and a less bounce rate.

5- What is Google Sandbox in SEO?
Google Sandbox is an imaginary area where new and less authoritative sites are kept for a specified time period until they establish themselves of being displayed on the search results. It happens by building too many links within a short period of time.

6- What is the difference between on page seo and off page seo?

On page seo means optimizing your website and making changes on title, meta tags, site structure, site content, solving canonicalization problem, managing robots.txt etc.

Off page optimization means optimizing your web presence which involves backlink building and social media promotion.

7- How will you solve canonicalization issue or what is .htacess file?
.htacess file is used to solve the canonicalization issue of a website. It may happen that the home page of the site may take several urls like http://www.example.com or http://www.example.com/index.html or http://example.com . The search engines might treat these url as different and may divide the link juice gained by having various backlinks made with any of these 3 urls. The link juice gets divided between these three urls equally. .htacess file is created to have a single url of the home page so that the link juice is passed onto single url.

8- What is keyword stemming in SEO?

Keyword stemming is the process of finding out the root word from the search query. A query having the word “ playful” would be broken down to the word “play” with the help of stemming algorithm. The search results returned would be having the word ” play” in it.

9- What is LSI?

LSI stands for Latent Semantic Indexing. It is a data retrieval technique which finds connection between words and the use of synonyms while fetching data from the index.

10- What do you know about the Florida update?

Florida update happened on November 16th 2003. This update applied stemming, maintained local rank, penalized over optimized sites by applying filter etc. In short, it modified the search results before presenting it to the user by applying filters.

11- What are the limitations of title and description tags?

Title tag can be between 66-70 characters and meta description tag can be between 160-170 characters.

12- Does Google uses keyword tags?

No, Google does not make use of keyword tags.

13- What is 301 redirect?

It is a method of redirecting user from the old page url to the new page url. 301 redirect is a permanent redirect and is helpful in passing the link juice from the old url to the new url.

14- What was your exact job profile in your previous company?

Provide a suitable explanation about your job profile which would include your job responsibilities and the amount of work you have handled so far.

15- What do you understand by Cloaking?

Cloaking involves using deceptive techniques which presents the user with a different version of the webpage than that presented to the search engines.

16- What tools do you use for doing seo?

I use Google webmaster tools, Google Analytics, Open site explorer, Alexa, Ahrefs,Website grader etc.

See:- List of free seo tools

17- What are your good qualities?
You will have to answer here about your good qualities like- I am hardworking, sincere, punctual, love to accept challenges etc.

18- What is the difference between Seo and Sem?

Seo stands for Search Engine Optimization while Sem stands for Search Engine Marketing. Seo provides organic traffic to a website with the help of search engines while Sem involves the use of Google adwords and other paid channels of advertising.

19- What is PPC?

PPC stands for Pay Per Click. It is a form of advertising methodology in which the advertiser pays for every click on their ads. Google uses this form of advertising in its channel of advertising called Adwords.

20- Which is better Robots.txt or Meta Robots Tag?

Meta Robots tag is much better as it helps in forcing the search engine crawlers not to index and display the hidden pages in your server.

21- Do you use separate Seo strategies for Google,Yahoo and Bing?

Yes I use separate strategies for Google,Yahoo and other search engines.More backlinks are required for Google .It pays more attention to backlinks and site authority while Yahoo and Bing pays more attention to title and Meta tags. Hence, a site takes time to rank on Google as compared to Yahoo and Bing.

22- How will you increase the Pagerank of a page?

By building more backlinks from authority sites and high page rank webpages.

23- How will you check the number of backlinks of your competitors site?

With the help of the link operator on Google and by using various external tools like Alexa, Backlink Watch , Open Site Explorer, Backlink finder etc.

24- Which is more important- Building backlinks to a website or building great content?

Both are important. Building great content is necessary as it is your first step towards ranking ;and building backlinks helps to build authority to your website and is an important metric for ranking well. Hence both should go parallel and both are equally important.

25- Who is Matt Cutts?
Matt Cutts is the head of Google's web spam team.

26- If a website has a search engine saturation of 40% , what does that mean?

It means 40% of web pages from that particular website are indexed by the search engine.

27- What do you mean by anchor text?

Clickable text written on an hyperlink is known as anchor text. It is of great value to the search engines and is used for evaluating the relevance of web pages with respect to search queries.

28- How will you treat Web standards while optimizing a website?

Google loves web standards hence I will apply the web standards provided by W3C while optimizing a web site.

29- What methods would you apply for decreasing the loading time of a website?

I would use external style sheets, less images (unless necessary), optimize the images and decrease the file sizes of the image without reducing the quality of the image, use CSS sprites to reduce HTTP requests etc.

30- Which tools do you use for choosing keywords?

I use Google Keyword tool, Wordtracker tool, Wordstream, Seo book keyword tool etc.

*Remember certain tools are paid but you may use the trial version for some days.

31- What blogs and sites do you regularly visit to update yourself?
I follow Matt Cutts blog. Seomoz blog, Seochat forums, Searchengineland.com,Seo book, Seosandwitch, Seroundtable, Seobythesea, seochat etc.

32- What are doorway pages?

These are pages that are specially created to rank high on search engines using deceptive techniques.Doorway pages do not provide useful content but instead redirect users to the main page.

33- What are the Social Media channels you have used for marketing?

I have used blogs like blogger,wordpress,typepad, tumblr etc, social bookmarking sites like Reddit, Stumbleupon, Delicious etc., social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin etc., Video Sharing sites like Youtube,Vimeo etc.

34- What would you suggest to the client who has a website made on Flash? How would you do Seo for that site?

Search engines find it harder to parse the contents presented using Flash. I would suggest the client to use an alternative to flash like HTML 5.

35- What do you understand by Frames in HTML?

A frame is a HTML technique which divides the content of a page onto several parts. Search engines see Frames as completely different pages and as such Frames have a negative impact on Seo. We should avoid the usage of Frames and use basic HTML instead.

36- Which is the popular search engine in Russia?

Yandex is popular in Russia.

37- If the meta robots tag has a value of "no index, no follow" what does it mean?

It means the search engine crawlers would not index the contents and would not follow the links present on the page.

38- Who is Rand Fishkin?

Rand Fishkin is the CEO and Co founder of Seomoz, the most popular seo software in the world. He started the informative "White Board Friday" series for explaining the concepts related to Seo and search engines.

39- How will you restrict the search engine crawlers from indexing a folder named "Secret" that is present in the root?
The following code when added on the robots.txt text file would restrict the crawlers from accessing the folder

User-agent:*
Disallow: /Secret/

40 - What do you understand by Google Dance?

Google Dance happens when major updates happen on the database maintained by Google. Constant shuffling leads to unstable rankings of the Web Pages.This continues for some days and is known as Google dance. It was witnessed in the past before the real time searching happened. Now, Google updates its index almost everyday and changes are witnessed narrowly.

41- Which are the top 3 social media websites that you will suggest to your client for SMO work?

I would suggest Facebook, Twitter and Google Plus.

42- How does Google Plus helps in Seo?

Google Plus helps the promoted web pages to get plus ones which are considered as genuine votes by Google. More plus ones helps to enhance our search engine rankings. Moreover,it helps to get high rankings in personalized search results where our friends can see the web pages shared and promoted by us.

Read more here:- Using Google Plus for Seo

43- What is a Pizza Box in terms of Google?
Google server comes in a standard case which is commonly known as "Pizza Box".

44- How important is to have a keyword in a domain name?

After the recent EMD update, the weightage on the presence of keyword on a domain has reduced. It is therefore important to go for a domain name that can focus on building a brand rather than using only keywords which could make a domain look spammy. Although having keywords in the domain helps but it would work only if the combination comes out as brandable. Some popular examples of website which succeded without having keywords in it are flipkart.com, myntra.com, ebay.com, digg.com, reddit.com and ofcoz google.com etc. But, there are some themes where the presence of keywords becomes necessary like the presence of the keyword "recipes" in allrecipes.com or the presence of the word "food" in the domain foodnetwork.com . Hence, its important to take decisions based on the theme you need to target.

45- What do you understand by "Engagement Metrics" with relation to social media?

Engagement metrics comprises of information which is used to measure the importance of user (customer) engagement with respect to a particular social data.Some example includes likes, retweets, plus ones, clicks, favorites, repins, comments etc.

46- What are your favorite ways of attracting natural backlinks to your site?
Having user friendly content on the site is the best way to attract natural backlinks but one of my favorite ways of attracting natural backlinks is by offering free widgets and free infographics to my audience.

47- Have you heard about ASO?
ASO stands for App Store Optimization which is a process of improving the visibility of mobile apps on app stores like iTunes and Google Play.

48- How can you search with the exact keywords you type on Google without using quotes?

We can use the Verbatim tool in order to search with the exact keywords entered on Google.

49- What do you understand by Google Authorship and how can you use it for Seo benefits?

Google Authorship allows you to link your Google Plus Profile to the content you create. This is a way to enhance the overall user experience and stop spamming. Results containing content from original and reputed authors are valued highly by Google and chances of spamming are also reduced. Hence, implementing Google Authorship is really useful for Seo as it helps a webpage to rank higher based on the author rank.

Read more:- How to Make Full Use of Google Authorship Profile

50- How can you make a website mobile friendly?

I will create a mobile friendly version of the website for Googlebot-Mobile, use meta.txt for specifying special instructions to mobile search engine crawlers, use mobile.xml sitemap and will have mobile optimized content on the site.

Read more:- Mobile Seo

51- What is the difference between clicks and visits in Google Analytics?
Clicks indicates the number of times any user clicks on an ad while visits indicates the number of unique sessions each visits create.

Read more:- Difference between clicks and visits

52- How can you track Facebook likes using Google Analytics?

We can do this with the help of social interaction web tracking. I will add a custom script using FB.Event.subscribe function to start tracking clicks. ( Learn how to track Facebook likes )

53- How will you plan an Seo strategy for a website already affected by Penguin update?

Penguin update deals with scanning through the link profile of a website. I will scan the links pointing to the site using tools like ahrefs and prepare a list of low quality links. I will make every effort to get those links removed like emailing the webmaster. If somehow, I am unable to remove some links then I will use the disavow links tool to devalue the remaining links from harming the site. Apart from this, I will plan a link bait strategy to get some high authority links in order to increase the reputation of the site. This will surely help a site to recover from the effects of the Penguin update.

54- What is the difference between HTML sitemaps and XML sitemaps?

HTML sitemaps are created for the user and contains a basic structure for displaying all the pages of the website in a hierarchy. XML sitemaps are created for the search engines and helps a search engine bot to easily cache, index and discover new pages.

55- How many keywords do you think are enough to target on a web page?

There are virtually no limits on the number of keywords that we can target on a web page. Best approach is to focus on our main keyword and all the secondary keywords would find way for itself in the search engines. The old method of targeting 3 keywords per web page does not works any more. You can have 10-15 keywords or even more to target on a single web page.

56- What is the difference between soft 404 and 404 errors? How will you find and remove these errors?

A 404 error is returned when the browser requests a resource from the web server and the server is unable to find that resource so it returns 404 file not found error. On the other hand, soft 404 error is returned when the browser requests a resource from the web server and the server returns 200 OK response for a file that does not exist on the server. Hence, in both the cases, file is not present on the server but in case of soft 404 the server returns 200 OK response code by mistake. We can find out these errors with the help of Google Webmasters Tool and we can either remove them by adding proper redirects and by creating a custom 404 page for helping the user in proper navigation while browsing the site.

57- Is there a limit to robots.txt file?
Yes, googlebot reads the first 500 KB present in the robots.txt file.

Monday 12 December 2016

Additional Kinds of Tracking Through Google Analytic

Download link tracking

Clicks on links to downloadable files (e.g. PDF, AVI, WMV) can be tracked as Events or virtual pageviews. When you set up an Event to track clicks on a link, Analytics counts the clicks as event hits. When you set up a virtual pageview to track clicks on a link, Analytics counts the clicks as page hits.
To track clicks as Events:
  • If you use Google Tag Manager to manage your Analytics Tracking, read Analytics Events.
  • If you have Analytics tracking added directly to your site, read Event Tracking - Web Tracking on Analytics Developers.
To track clicks as pageviews:
  • If you use Google Tag Manager to manage your Analytics Tracking, read about the Analytics tag.
  • If you have Analytics tracking added directly to your site, read Page Tracking - Web Tracking on Analytics Developers.

Flash tracking

If you want to track data activity on your Flash elements or Flash-based website, see Analytics Tracking for Adobe Flash on Analytics Developers.

Ecommerce tracking

To set up Ecommerce tracking:
  • If you use Google Tag Manager to manage your Analytics Tracking, read Ecommerce Tracking (Universal Analytics).
  • If you have Analytics tracking added directly to your site, refer to Ecommerce Tracking - Web Tracking or Enhanced Ecommerce - Web Tracking on Analytics Developers.

Event tracking

With Events, you can track interactions with elements embedded in your pages and screens, like buttons, links, videos, and gadgets.
To track Events:
  • If you use Google Tag Manager to manage your Analytics Tracking, read Analytics Events.
  • If you have Analytics tracking added directly to your site, read Event Tracking - Web Tracking on Analytics Developers.

Custom dimensions

Custom dimensions let you collect and analyze data that Analytics doesn't automatically track. You can, for example, use custom dimensions to define user types, like member and non-member.
  • If you use Google Tag Manager to manage your Analytics Tracking, refer to the Analytics tag reference.
  • If you have Analytics tracking added directly to your site, read Custom Dimensions and Metrics - Web Tracking onAnalytics Developers.

User timings

Analytics automatically tracks page and screen load times, but you can also set up customized tracking to measure how long it takes for Ajax-based operations and resources to load.
  • If you use Google Tag Manager to manage your Analytics Tracking, refer to the Analytics tag reference.
  • If you have Analytics tracking added directly to your site, read User Timings - Web Tracking on Analytics Developers.

Choose Event Type

(https://raventools.com/marketing-reports/google-analytics/event-tracking/affiliate-link/)


Optional Goal Setup

After you add the event tracking code to your site, you may want to setup a goal in Google Analytics that's related to the event. Follow these instructions to setup the goal.
  1. Login to Google Analytics and click on Admin in the main navigation.
  2. Select the Account and Property where you want to create the goal. Under the View list, click onGoals
  3. Click on the New Goal button, click on the Custom radio button and then click on the Next step button.
  4. Name the goal and select the Event radio button.
  5. Populate all of the relevant goal details (in bold):
    • Category | that matches |
    • Action | that matches |
    • Label | that matches |
    • Value | that matches |
  6. Click the Create Goal button. You're done!
If you give visitors the ability to rate your content, you can easily set up an event to track just how often they are being rated. Use the form to build GA Event tracking code for rating articles, then add the code to the article rating button to track the event.

Ever wonder which posts received the most blog comments? Wish you could easily tell without mining through your archives? Using event tracking in Google Analytics we can set up blog comments as a goal in Google Analytics. Use the form to build GA Event tracking code for blog comments, then add the code to the blog comment button to track the event.
Use the form to build GA Event tracking code for a Contact Form. Then add the code to the submission link or button for your Contact Form to track the event.

Have a whitepaper or some other file available for download on your site? With event tracking in Google Analytics you can track the number of times a particular file has been downloaded. Use the form to build GA Event tracking code for file downloads, then add the code to the file download link to track the event.
You can create events around any type of link. If there is an event that you didn't see listed above (such as an account login), you can create that event here. Just fill out the form below and add the event tracking script to your link where indicated. Use the form to build GA Event tracking code for a general event, then add the code to the link to track the event.
To track the number of live chats initiated on your website, we'll need to set up an event in Google analytics. Use the form to build GA Event tracking code for a live chat, then add the code to the link to track the event.
Ever wish you could easily track how many people have signed up for your newsletter without having to log in to an ESP like Campaign Monitor? You can actually tag your newsletter links in Google Analytics to count any click on your signup button as an event. Then you'll be able to easily measure which blog posts lead to the most signups. Use the form to build GA Event tracking code for a newsletter signup, then add the code to the link to track the event.
If you give visitors the ability to rate your products, you can easily set up an event to track just how often they are being rated. Use the form to build GA Event tracking code for rating products, then add the code to the product rating button to track the event.
Ever wish you could easily track how many people have subscribed to your RSS feed without having to log in to a service like FeedPress? You can actually tag your RSS subscription links in Google Analytics to count any click on your subscription button as an event. Then you'll be able to easily measure which blog posts lead to the most subscriptions. Use the form to build GA Event tracking code for an RSS subscription, then add the code to the link to track the event.
Ever wish you could easily track how many people have subscribed to your RSS feed without having to log in to a service like FeedPress? You can actually tag your RSS subscription links in Google Analytics to count any click on your subscription button as an event. Then you'll be able to easily measure which blog posts lead to the most subscriptions. Use the form to build GA Event tracking code for an RSS subscription, then add the code to the link to track the event.
If you have videos on your site, you may want to know how your visitors are interacting with them. How many visitors played the video? How many watch until the end? Do people who watch the video convert more often than those that don't? By implementing event tracking on your videos you can answer these questions.

A Penguin’s The Latest Update 2016

What should SEOs do to make the best of the new Penguin update? Perhaps not much. Columnist Dave Davies notes that while Penguin 4.0 was indeed significant, things ultimately haven't changed that much.

For the last four-plus years now, we’ve heard a lot about Penguin. Initially announced in April 2012, we were told that this algorithm update, designed to combat web spam, would impact three percent of queries.
More recently, we’ve witnessed frustration on the part of penalized website owners at having to wait over a year for an update, after Google specifically noted one was coming “soon” in October of 2015.
In all the years of discussion around Penguin, however, I don’t believe any update has been more fraught with confusing statements and misinformation than Penguin 4.0, the most recent update. The biggest culprit here is Google itself, which has not been consistent in its messaging.
And this is the subject of this article: the peeling away of some of the recent misstated or just misunderstood aspects of this update, and more importantly, what it means for website owners and their SEOs.
So, let’s begin.

What is Penguin?

Note: We’re going to keep this section short and sweet — if you want something more in-depth, you should begin by reading Danny Sullivan’s article on the initial release of Penguin, “Google Launches ‘Penguin Update’ Targeting Webspam In Search Results.” You can also browse Search Engine Land’s Penguin Update section for all the articles written here on the topic.
The Penguin algorithm update was first announced on April 24, 2012, and the official explanation was that the algorithm targeted web spam in general. However, since the biggest losses were incurred by those engaged in manipulative link schemes, the algorithm itself was viewed as being designed to punish sites with bad link profiles.
I’ll leave it at that, with the assumption that I shouldn’t bore you with additional details on what the algorithm was designed to do. Let’s move now to the confusion.

Where’s the confusion?

Until Penguin 4.0 rolled out on September 23, 2016, there really wasn’t a lot of confusion around the algorithm. The entire SEO community — and even many outside it — knew that the Penguin update demoted sites with bad links, and it wasn’t until it was next updated that an affected site could expect some semblance of recovery.
The path was clear: a site would get hit with a penalty, the website owner would send out requests to have offending links removed, those that couldn’t be removed would be added to a disavow list and submitted, and then one would simply wait.
However, things got more complicated with this most recent update — not because the algorithm itself got any more difficult to understand, but rather because the folks at Google did.
In essence, there were only a couple of major changes with this update:
  1. Penguin now runs in real time. Webmasters impacted by Penguin will no longer have to wait for the next update to see the results of their improvement efforts — now, changes will be evident much more quickly, generally not long after a page is recrawled and reindexed.
  2. Penguin 4.0 is “more granular,” meaning that it can now impact individual pages or sections of a site in addition to entire domains; previously, it would act as a site-wide penalty, impacting rankings for an entire site.
It would seem that there isn’t a lot of room for confusion here on first glance. However, when the folks at Google started adding details and giving advice, that ended up causing a bit of confusion. So let’s look at those to get a better understanding of what we’re expected to do.

Disavow files

Rumor had it, based on statements by Google’s Gary Illyes, that a disavow file is no longer necessary to deal with Penguin-related ranking issues.
This is due to a change in how Penguin 4.0 deals with bad links: they now devalue the links themselves rather than demoting the site they’re linking to.
Now, that seems pretty clear. If you read Illyes’ statements in the article linked above, there are a few takeaways:
  1. Spam is devalued, rather than sites being demoted.
  2. There’s less need to use a disavow file for Penguin-related ranking penalties.
  3. Using the disavow file for Penguin-related issues can help Google help you, but it is more specifically useful for sites under manual review.

The disavow takeaway

The takeaway here is that the more things change, the more they stay the same. There is no change. If you’ve used unethical link-building strategies in the past and are considering submitting a disavow file — good, you should do that. If you haven’t used such strategies, then you shouldn’t need to; if Google finds bad links to your site, they’ll simply devalue them.
Of course, it was once also claimed that negative SEO doesn’t work, meaning a disavow wasn’t necessary for bad links you didn’t build. This was obviously not the case, and negative SEO did work (and may well still), so you should be continuing to monitor your links for bad ones and adding them to your disavow file periodically. After all, if bad links couldn’t negatively impact your site, there would be no need for a disavow at all.
And so, the more things change, the more they stay the same. Keep doing what you’ve been doing.

The source site?

In a recent podcast over on Marketing Land, Gary Illyes explains that under Penguin, it’s not the target site of the link that matters, it’s the source. This doesn’t just include links themselves, but other signals a page sends to indicate that it’s likely spam.
So, what we just were informed is that the value of a link comes from the site/page it’s on and not where it’s pointing. In other words, when you’re judging your inbound links, be sure to look at the source page and domain of those links.
The more things change, the more they stay the same.

Your links are labeled

In the same podcast on Penguin, it came to light that Google places links on a page into categories, including things like:
  • footer;
  • Penguin-impacted; and
  • disavowed.
It was suggested that there are other categories, but they weren’t named. So, what really does this mean?
It means what we all pretty well knew was going on for about a decade. We now have a term to use to describe it (“labels”) rather than simply understanding that a page is divided into sections, and the sections that are the most visible and more likely to be engaged with hold the highest value (with regard to both content and links).
Additionally, we already knew that links that were disavowed were flagged as such.

There is one new side

The only really new piece of information here is that either Google has replaced a previous link weighting system (which was based on something like visibility) with a labeling system, or they have added to it. Essentially, it appears that where previously, content as a whole may have been categorized and links included in that categorization, now a link is given one or possibly multiple labels.
So, this is a new system and a new piece of information, which brings us to…

The link labeling takeway

Knowing whether the link is being labeled or simply judged by its position on the page — and whether it’s been disavowed or not — isn’t particularly actionable. It’s academically interesting, to be sure, and I’m certain it took Google engineers many days or months to get it figured out (maybe that’s what they’ve been working on since last October). But from an SEO’s perspective, we have to ask ourselves, ”What really changed?”
Nothing. You will still be working to develop highly visible links, placed contextually where possible and on related sites. If this strays far from what you were doing, you likely weren’t doing your link building correctly to begin with. I repeat: the more things change, the more they stay the same.

4 Google Analytics Goal Types


Tracking pageviews and visitors to see how much traffic you’re getting is incredibly important right? WRONG. Finding out if your website actually helps your businessis MUCH more important.
Knowing important metrics like:
  • Leads
  • Trial signups
  • Account creations
  • Newsletter signups
  • White paper downloads
  • Ebook downloads
…are really what you should be tracking. But how do you do this with Google Analytics?
Well that’s what we are going to show you today.
Google Analytics doesn’t tell you how your business is doing without some additional setup. You have to tell Google Analytics to keep track of what’s critical to your business – and you do this with goals.

In Google Analytics, you have four ways to track goals:

  1. URLs
  2. Time
  3. Pages/visit
  4. Events
Here’s a complete breakdown on how to set up your goals so you can start tracking the metrics that are critical to the success of your business.

Where to Find Google Analytics Goals

To start setting up your goals:
  1. Go to your Google Analytics standard reports
  2. Click on the “Admin” button in the top right
  3. Click on “Goals”
  4. From one of the Goal sets, click “+ Goal” (goal sets are just a way for you to easily group goals) to set up a new goal.
First name your goal. This name will pop up all over Google Analytics so make sure the name is clear enough that you can instantly remember what’s being tracked.
The “active” or “inactive” options allow you to control whether the goal is functioning. If you ever want to turn the goal off, pick “inactive.” You won’t be able to delete your goal, you can only deactivate it. This is because Google Analytics permanently applies goals as it compiles the data for your reports. In other words, Google Analytics can’t go back and remove goals from historical data.
Now we have to make a choice. What type of goal do we want to build?

1. URL Destination Goals

URL destination goals keep track of specific URLs. Each time someone goes to that URL, they trigger the goal. These are ideal for thank you pages, confirmation pages, and PDFs.
URL Destination Goal Google Analytics
Match Type: This determines how strict Google Analytics is when deciding if a URL counts.
For exact match, only the specific URL will work. Nothing else. If there’s a query string or unique ID for the session on the end of the URL, it won’t count. So don’t use exact match if you have a system that’s constantly generating unique URLs for each visitor.
Also be careful with exact match on landing pages. If you’re adding utm parametersto track all your marketing campaigns, Google Analytics will only count direct visits and not your campaign visits.
Head match tracks any visits to the URL regardless of what comes after the URL. If you make heavy use of query parameters or session IDs, definitely pick head match.
Regular expressions are for the analytics pros. Basically, they let you define your URL however you want. The downside is that they’re super complicated. Head over to Google’s regular expressions guide if you want to jump down this rabbit hole.
Case Sensitive: Check this box if lowercase and uppercase characters in your URL go to more than one page. Usually, you’ll want to leave this box unchecked.
Goal Values: For a complete run-down on how to calculate goal values and when to set them up, check out the Kissmetrics blog post When to Use Google Analytics Goal Values.

Goal Funnels

Goal funnels allow you to see exactly how many people move through each step of your marketing process. You’ll know how many people abandon your funnel at each step so you know what pages need fixing. For example, build a goal funnel for your ecommerce checkout to see how many people move through each step between the shopping cart and the payment page.
But be careful, goal funnels really only work when you require your visitors to move through a series of pages. Unless required, visitors seldom follow a clear path on your site and a goal funnel won’t help you make any sense of how your visitors move from page to page. For paths with less structure, use the Visitors Flow report.
You’re limited to 10 steps in your funnel. So if you need more, split the funnel between two different goals.
Remember the match type you selected above? Well it also applies to all your goal values. So if you’re using some crazy regular expressions up top, they’ll also get applied to every page on your funnel.
Required Steps: By default, Google Analytics will track visitors in the funnel even if people jump into the middle. If you want to make sure that the goal funnel only counts people that have started on step 1 and completed the goal, check this box.
But this only changes how the funnel visualization (the fancy diagram) tracks visitors. People will still be counted as conversions if they visit the goal URL.

Hacking URL Goals with Virtual Pageviews

In Google Analytics, we can force a pageview into the system whenever we want. With a small bit of JavaScript, Google Analytics will track anything as a pageview. We can even define exactly what the URL is.
Doing this with any link is super easy. Let’s say we want to track a link to another domain and the link is so important that we want to make it a goal. We could use events to track it but we’ve decided that we want to use the goal as part of a goal funnel. Since event goals don’t allow us to do this, how can we use virtual pageviews and a URL goal?
Here’s your normal link:
<a href=”www.othersite.com/promotion”>Click Here!</a>
Now we have to decide how we want the URL to look in our reports. We can’t get it to display as othersite.com because Google Analytics will think the URL is a part of our domain. Let’s build a URL that easily tells us that it’s a virtual pageview, what domain it’s pointing to, and what page on that domain our visitors are going to. Which gives us a URL like this:
/vpv/othersite/promotion
Remember: Google Analytics drops your domain in your URLs. For this virtual pageview, Google Analytics thinks that www.yoursite.com/vpv/othersite/promotion actually exists on your domain. But we’ve tricked it.
The vpv stands for virtual pageview so we know this URL is fake, “othersite” tells us which external domain we linked to, and  “promotion” clarifies which page we’ve linked to specifically. You can name your virtual pageview URLs whatever you want. But take the time to name them in such a way that you can instantly figure out what they are 6 months from now.
Now let’s use our fake URL with an onclick event and modify the original hyperlink. We’ll end up with this:
<a href=”www.othersite.com/promotion” onclick=”_gaq.push([‘_trackPageview’,’/vpv/othersite/promotion’]);”>Click Here!</a>
This code tells Google Analytics to register a pageview at the URL we’ve specified every time the link is clicked.
Google Actually will start using the /vpv/othersite/promotion URL which we can now use as a URL destination goal. We can even use this virtual pageview in a goal funnel which we can’t do with event goals.
You can use the virtual pageview trick for external links, file downloads, or any other element on your site.

2. Visit Duration Goals

This one’s pretty simple. You can use this to track how many people stay on your site for a certain amount of time. Also, you can set the goal to track every visit that’s below a specific amount of time. This gets super useful for support sites that are trying to help customers answer their question as fast as possible.
Configuring the visit duration goal is super straightforward.
Visit Duration Goal Google Analytics
Condition: Decide whether you want to goal to activate on any visit that lasts more or less than the threshold you provide. For measuring engagement, you’ll choose “greater than.” And for measuring how fast your support site provides helpful information, you’ll use “less than.”
Hours, Minutes, and Seconds: Specify the exact time you want to use for the goal. Most sites use 5 minutes here. It doesn’t really matter what time you choose. For the best data, have a time that not everyone reaches but some people do. If too many people activate the goal, you won’t be able to figure out how to improve your site. The same thing will happen if only a few people reach it.

How Google Analytics Tracks Visit Duration

Figuring out how much time people spend on your site is not an exact science. In this case, it’s sketchy science. You see, Google Analytics doesn’t know when visitors leave your site, only when a page loads. Each time someone views a page, the Google Analytics Tracking Code sends a timestamp to the Google Analytics servers.
Say someone comes to your site:
  1. They visit a page and a time stamp is collected
  2. Then they click on a second page so a second time stamp is collected
By comparing the two timestamps, we know how much time someone spent on that first page. But what if they leave after the second page? Well, we have no idea how much time they spent on page two. Without another timestamp, we can’t figure it out.
This is why you see all sorts of visits with a time on site of 00:00:00. Those people only visited one page so Google Anlaytics can’t calculate the amount of time they spent on your site. Instead, Google Analytics decides to be pessimistic and assume they didn’t spend any time on your site at all.
Does this mean the visit duration data is worthless?
You should assume that the time on site metric is VERY different from how long people actually spend on your site. But we can still gain insights by comparing the metric over time. If you have a site where the visit duration is critical (like support sites) look for trends in how this metric changes over months.

3. Pages/Visit Goals

Pages/visit is another easy goal type to set up and similar to visit duration goals. Instead of tracking how much time people spend on your site, this goal tracks the number of pages each visitor sees before they leave. Once again, it’s ideal for customer support sites.
Pages Per Visit Goal Google Analytics
Condition: Our three choices are “greater than,” “equal to,” or “less than.” Just like visit duration, pick “greater than” if you’re measuring engagement and “less than” if you want to measure the effectiveness of your support site.
Number of Pages Visited: Simply set the number of pages that you want to activate this event.

4. Event Goals

Event goals are a little bit more complicated because you have to set up the events. Once you have the events ready to go, you can easily select any event as a goal.
Similar to virtual pageviews, you have to add a bit of JavaScript to the element that you want to track. This tells Google Analytics when an event has occurred. The Google Analytics Event Tracking Guide will show you exactly how to do this.
You can track just about anything you want with Google Analytics events such as:
  1. External links
  2. Downloads
  3. Time spent watching videos
  4. Social media buttons
  5. Widget usage
Any element that your visitors interact with can be tracked with events.
Event Goal Google Analytics
Step 1: When you set up an event, you define it with a category, action, label, and value. Using the dropdowns, specify which of your events should be counted as goals.
You can use as many of them or as few of them as you want. The event goal will only trigger if the event matches EACH one that you’ve defined. So if you only define the category, the goal won’t care about actions, labels, or values. But if you define all four, the event must match all of them for the goal to activate.
Step 2: You can also decide whether you want to use a new goal value or to use the event value AS the goal value. Generally, use the event value if that value is directly tied to revenue. If not, use a new goal value that is. Or leave the goal value blank.
Also be sure to check out the Kissmetrics goal value post for a detailed run-down on goal values.
Warning: You can’t use event goals in a funnel. Every step of the funnel needs to be a URL (including the goal). So if you want to build a funnel from steps that don’t have unique URLs, you’ll need to use those virtual pageviews.

Bottom Line

Use URLs, time, pages/visit, and events to set up goals so you can track the essential metrics of your site. The closer these metrics are to activities that generate revenue, the better. You should definitely start tracking:
  1. Leads
  2. Trial signups
  3. Account creations
  4. Newsletter signups
  5. White paper downloads
  6. Ebook downloads
  7. Anything else that help you generate income
So get started! Once you’ve set up goals, make sure you’ve also set up The 8 Google Analytics Features Every Site MUST Have Enabled. Hint: goals are one of them.